This paper develops a social performance approach for energy-sector investments and energy project development. In essence, this puts the needs and well-being of people – including current and future generations – at the centre of energy development and related investments and activities. The approach can help determine whether (or not) the development and implementation of energy projects (e.g., a renewable wind park, decentralised energy services such as solar mini-grids, or a coal-mining site) and the usage of locally generated energy directly contributes to the livelihoods and prospects of local communities.